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SARS-CoV-2: Yakakomba zvakadii B.1.1.529 musiyano, yava kunzi Omicron

Musiyano weB.1.1.529 wakatanga kuziviswa kuWHO kubva kuSouth Africa pa24th Mbudzi 2021. Yekutanga inozivikanwa yakasimbiswa B.1.1.529 utachiona hwaibva mumuenzaniso wakaunganidzwa musi wa9.th November 20211. Imwe tsime2 inoratidza kuti musiyano uyu wakatanga kuwanikwa mumasampuli akaunganidzwa pa11th Mbudzi 2021 muBotswana uye pa14th Mbudzi 2021 muSouth Africa. Kubva ipapo, huwandu hwenyaya dzeCCIDID-19 hwakawedzera zvakanyanya munenge mapurovhinzi ese muSouth Africa. Sezvo pa27th Mbudzi 2021, nyaya nyowani dzekusiyana uku dzakataurwawo muBelgium, Hong Kong, Israel, United Kingdom.3, Germany, Italy neCzech Republic ayo ese ane chekuita nekufamba kwaakabva.  

Tinotenda kune zviremera zveSouth Africa nekusatora nguva mukutaura uye kugovera ruzivo rwakakodzera nenharaunda yepasi rose yesainzi kuitira kuti boka renyanzvi reWHO rikwanise kusangana pa26.th Mbudzi 2021 uye nekukasira sarudza iyi mutsauko seMusiyano wekunetsekana (VOC). Hukuru hwenyaya yacho hunogona kuyerwa kubva pakuti B.1.1.529 yakasarudzwa mutsauko pasi pekutariswa (VUM) mazuva maviri chete apfuura pa24.th Mbudzi 2021 asati adomwa seVOC musi wa26th Mbudzi 2021 pasina kudomwa kutanga seyasiyana pasi pekuferefetwa (VOI).  

Tafura: SARS-CoV-2 Variants of concerning (VOC) kubva musi wa26 Mbudzi 2021 

WHO label  Lineages   Nyika yakatanga kuonekwa (nharaunda)  Gore nemwedzi zvakatanga kuonekwa  
Alpha  B. 1.1.7  United Kingdom  September 2020  
Beta  B. 1.351  Chamhembe Afrika  September 2020  
wegamma  P.1  Bhuraziri  December 2020  
Delta  B. 1.617.2  India  December 2020 
omicron  B. 1.1.529 Nyika dzakawanda, Nov-2021 Kusiyana pasi pekutariswa (VUM): 24 Mbudzi 2021  Kusiyana kwekunetseka (VOC): 26 Mbudzi 2021 
(Kwakabva: WHO4, Kutsvaga SARS-CoV-2 akasiyana)  

Chimbichimbi pakusarudza B.1.1.529 sechinhu chakasiyana-siyana (VOC) chaive chakakodzera nekuti zvakaonekwa kuti musiyano uyu ndiwo wakasiyana zvakanyanya weSARS-CoV-2 kusvika parizvino. Zvichienzaniswa nehutachiona hweSARS-CoV-2 hwakatanga kuwanikwa muWuhan, China, izvi zvine shanduko inosvika makumi matatu amino acid, 30 madiki ekudzima uye 3 kudiki kuisirwa mu spike protein. Kunze kweshanduko idzi, gumi neshanu dziri mu receptor binding domain (RBD), chikamu chehutachiona chinobvumira kuti iwane kupinda mumasero emunhu, zvichitungamira kutapukira. Musiyano uyu zvakare une huwandu hwekuchinja uye kudzima mune mamwe matunhu genomic2. Kuchinja kwacho kwakakura zvekuti munhu anogona kuidaidza kuti rudzi rutsva, pachinzvimbo chekusiyana. Huwandu hunoshamisa hwekuchinja kwe spike kunoreva kuwanda kwemukana wekupukunyuka kubva kune masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anoita kuti musiyano uyu uve nyaya yekunetsa.5.  

Kuchinja kune zvitsva zvakasiyana kwakajairika kune coronaviruses. Zvagara zviri hunhu hwezvinhu kuti makoronavirus aite shanduko mumajenomes avo pamitengo yakakwira zvakanyanya, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekuongorora nuclease chiitiko chepolymerases avo; zvakanyanya kutapurirana, kukanganisa kudzokororwa kwakawanda uye nekudaro shanduko dzakawanda dzinoungana mujenome, zvichitungamira kumisiyano mitsva. Makoronavirus evanhu anga achigadzira shanduko kugadzira misiyano mitsva munhoroondo yazvino. Paive nemhando dzakasiyana dzakakonzeresa denda kubva 1966, apo chikamu chekutanga chakarekodhwa6. Asi, nei kuchinja kwakakura kwakadaro mukuputika kumwe chete? Zvingadaro, nekuti B.1.1.529 musiyano wakavapo panguva yechirwere chisingaperi chemunhu asina hutachiona, pamwe murwere asina kurapwa weHIV/AIDS.7.  

Chero chingave chiri chikonzero chekuchinja kwakawanda, kana kukurumidza kwekukurumidza kwayakapararira muSouth Africa kuri chero chiratidzo, shanduko yemusiyano uyu inogona kuve ine chekuita nekusadzivirirwa, kutapurirana & hutachiona uye kushanda kwemishonga iripo, iri kushandiswa.  

Kunyangwe majekiseni aripo acharamba achishanda achipikisa mutsauko mutsva uyu kana kana kuchizove nezviitiko zvakawanda zvekutapukira kwejekiseni, pane data shoma iripo yekukwevera chero mhedzisiro. Nekudaro, muongororo ichangoburwa, shanduko yekugadzira ine makumi maviri ekuchinja muprotein yespike yakaratidza kupotsa kupukunyuka kubva kune masoja ekudzivirira chirwere.7. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mutsauko mutsva B.1.1.529 une machinjiro akawedzera zvakanyanya, ungaratidza kuderedzwa kwakanyanya kuderedzwa nemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere. Musiyano mutsva, zvisinei, unoratidzika kunge uchifambiswa zvakanyanya nekumhanya kwekukurumidza kwayakatsiva iyo Delta musiyano muSouth Africa, kunyangwe data razvino harina kukwana kudhirowa chero fungidziro yakavimbika. Saizvozvowo, hazvibviri kutaura pamusoro pekuoma kwezviratidzo panguva ino.  

Tichifunga nezve chokwadi chekuti Europe yave kutodedera nehuwandu husina kujairika hweCCIDID 19 kesi (nekuda kwekuchinjisa delta musiyano) kwemavhiki mashoma apfuura uye kukurumidza kukurumidza kwazvino. omicron (B.1.1.529) musiyano wakapararira muSouth Africa nguva pfupi yadarika uchitsiva delta musiyano, nyika dzinoverengeka muEurope dzinosanganisira UK, Germany neItaly dzakatemera zvirango zvekufamba kune vanenge vasvika kubva kuSouth Africa uye kubva kunyika dzakavakidzana dzakaita seBotswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia ne Angora. Kutya zvakaipisisa, Israeri inofanira kurambidza kupinda kwevashanyi vanobva kunyika dzose.  

Nyika yakaisa mari yakawanda mukugadzira nekupa mishonga yekudzivirira yeCCIDID-19 kudzivirira vanhu kubva padenda. Mubvunzo uri pamusoro-soro mupfungwa dzesaenzi nemasimba zvakafanana ndewekuti mishonga mikuru yeCOVID-19 yakaita sePfizer-BioNTech, Oxford-AstraZeneca, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson icharamba ichishanda pakurwisa Omicron (B.1.1.529) musiyano zvakare . Izvi zviri kukonzerwa nenyaya yekuti vanhu vari kubatwa nechirwere ichi muSouth Africa. Mhosva mbiri dzekuHong Kong zvakare dzakange dzawana mishonga yekudzivirira9

Kuvandudzwa kwe "pan-coronavirus" yekudzivirira10 (multivalent vaccine mapuratifomu11) zvinoita sekudiwa kweawa. Asi, nekukasira, zvinogoneka kukurumidza kugadzira booster dosi yemRNA neDNA yekudzivirira inovhara shanduko. Mukuwedzera, iyo ichangobva kubvumirwa antivirals (Merck's Molnupiravir nePfizer's Paxlovid) inofanirwa kuuya nerubatsiro mukudzivirira vanhu kubva muchipatara nerufu.   

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References:  

  1. WHO 2021. Nhau - Kukamurwa kweOmicron (B.1.1.529): SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern. Rakadhindwa 26 Mbudzi 2021. Inowanikwa online pa https://www.who.int/news/item/26-11-2021-classification-of-omicron-(b.1.1.529)-sars-cov-2-variant-of-concern  
  1. European Center for Disease Prevention and Control. Mhedzisiro yekubuda nekupararira kweSARSCoV-2 B.1.1. 529 musiyano wekunetseka (Omicron), weEU/EEA. 26 Mbudzi 2021. ECDC: Stockholm; 2021. Inowanikwa online pa https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/threat-assessment-brief-emergence-sars-cov-2-variant-b.1.1.529  
  1. UK Govt 2021. Press release - First UK kesi dzeOmicron variant dzakaonekwa. Rakabudiswa 27 Mbudzi 2021. Inowanikwa pa https://www.gov.uk/government/news/first-uk-cases-of-omicron-variant-identified   
  1. WHO, 2021. Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants. Inowanikwa online pa https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants/ 
  1. GitHub, 2021. Thomas Peacock: B.1.1 decendant associated with Southern Africa with high number of Spike mutations #343. Inowanikwa online pa https://github.com/cov-lineages/pango-designation/issues/343 
  1. Prasad U.2021. Kusiyana kweCoronavirus: Zvatinoziva Kusvika Parizvino. Scientific European. Yakatumirwa 12 Chikunguru 2021. Inowanikwa online pa https://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/covid-19/variants-of-coronavirus-what-we-know-so-far/ 
  1. GAVI 2021. Basa rekudzivirira - Chii chatinoziva pamusoro peiyo B.1.1.529 coronavirus musiyano uye isu tinofanira kunetseka here? Inowanikwa pa https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/what-we-know-about-new-b11529-coronavirus-variant-so-far 
  1. Schmidt, F., Weisblum, Y., Rutkowska, M. et al. Yakakwira genetic barriers kune SARS-CoV-2 polyclonal neutralizing antibody kutiza. Zvisikwa (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04005-0 
  1. Yakanyanya mutated coronavirus musiyano unoisa masayendisiti kusvinura. Nature News. Yakagadziridzwa 27 Mbudzi 2021. DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-03552-w  
  1. Soni R. 2021. "Pan-coronavirus" vaccine: RNA Polymerase Inobuda seVaccine Target. Scientific European. Rakabudiswa 16 Mbudzi 2021. Inowanikwa pa https://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/covid-19/pan-coronavirus-vaccines-rna-polymerase-emerges-as-a-vaccine-target/  
  1. NIH 2021. Nhau dzinoburitswa - NIAID inopa mibairo mitsva yekutsigira vaccine ye "pan-coronavirus". Yakatumirwa 28 Gunyana 2021. Inowanikwa pa https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/niaid-issues-new-awards-fund-pan-coronavirus-vaccines  

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Umesh Prasad
Umesh Prasad
Mutori wenhau weSainzi | Muvambi mupepeti, magazini yeScientific European

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