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Pakare Pachadenga: Iyo Iri Kure Galaxy “JADES-GS-z14-0″ Inonetsa Mamodheru eGalaxy Formation  

Kuongorora kwakajeka kwegirazi rinopenya JADES-GS-z14-0 zvichibva pane zvakaonekwa muna Ndira 2024 kwakaratidza redshift ye14.32 iyo inoita kuti ive iro riri kure kure galaxy inozivikanwa (yaimbova kure-kure galaxy yaizivikanwa yainzi JADES-GS-z13-0 pa redshift. yez = 13.2). Yakaumbwa mukutanga kwechadenga makore 290 miriyoni mushure meBig Bang. Huwandu hwechiedza chenyeredzi hunoreva kuti yakakura uye inodarika 1,600-light years kuyambuka muhukuru. Rakadaro rinopenya, rakakura uye rakakura galaxy mune yekutanga muchadenga pachiringazuva mambakwedza rinokanganisa kunzwisisa kwazvino kwekuumbwa kwegalaxy. Nyeredzi dzekutanga muchadenga dzaive nyeredzi dzePop III dzine zero-simbi kana simbi yakaderera zvakanyanya. Zvakadaro, ongororo ye infrared properties yeJADES-GS-z14-0 galaxy inoratidza kuvapo kweokisijeni zvinoreva kuti simbi inopfumisa zvichireva kuti mazera enyeredzi huru akanga atopedza hupenyu hwawo kubva pakuzvarwa kusvika pakuputika kwesupernova nemakore angangoita 290 miriyoni mumatenga ekutanga. Saka, zvinhu zvegwara renzou iri zvinopesana nemanzwisisiro azvino anoita magadzirirwo enyeredzi muchadenga chekutanga.   

Chadenga chepakutanga-tanga, nemakore angangoita 380,000 400 mushure meBig Bang, chakanga chazara nemagasi ane ionid uye chakanga chakanyatsojeka nokuda kwekuparadzirwa kwemafotoni nemaerekitironi emahara. Izvi zvakateverwa nenhambo isina kwayakarerekera yechisiko chapose pose chapakuvamba iyo yakatora makore angasvika mamiriyoni 21. Munguva iyi, zvinhu zvose zviri muchadenga zvakanga zvisina kwazvakarerekera uye zviri pachena. Chiedza chekutanga chakabuda pamusoro pechadenga chichijeka, chikava chitsvuku chakachinjirwa kune microwave renji nekuda kwekuwedzera, uye chave kuonekwa seCosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Nekuti chadenga chakange chakazara nemagasi asina kwaakarerekera, hapana chiratidzo chemaziso chakaburitswa (saka ichinzi zera rerima). Un-ionized zvinhu hazvibudise chiedza nekudaro kunetsa mukudzidza kwekutanga kwepasirese kwekwakarerekera epoch. Zvakadaro, mwaranzi yemicrowave ye 1420 cm wavelength (inoenderana ne21 MHz) inoburitswa neinotonhora, isina kwayakarerekera cosmic hydrogen panguva ino nekuda kwe hyperfine shanduko kubva paparallel spin kuenda kune yakagadzikana anti-parallel spin inopa mikana kune vanoongorora nyeredzi. Iyi 200 cm microwave mwaranzi yaizodzoserwa payasvika pasi uye ichaonekwa pa10MHz kusvika XNUMX MHz mafrequency semasaisai eredhiyo. The REACH (Radhiyo Kuedza kweOngororo yeCosmic Hydrogen) Chiyedzo chine chinangwa chekuona mutsara we21-cm kubva kuCosmic Hydrogen.  

Nguva yekudzokororwa yaive nguva yaitevera munhorondo yepasirese yekutanga iyo yakatora makore angangoita mamirioni mazana mana mushure meBig Bang kusvika kumakore bhiriyoni. Iwo magasi akavezve ionised nekuda kwepamusoro simba UV radiations inoburitswa neane simba ekutanga nyeredzi. Kuumbwa kwemapoka enyeredzi uye quasars kwakatanga munguva ino. Maraiti enguva ino akatsvuka akachinjirwa kuenda kune dzvuku uye infrared renji. Huble deep field studies yaive mavambo matsva mukudzidza nezvechadenga chekutanga asi chiyero chayo mukutora mwenje wekutanga yaive shoma. Pane infrared observatory yakavakirwa muchadenga yaidiwa. JWST inonyanyo shanda mu infrared astronomy to kudzidza denga rekutanga

James Webb Space Teresikopu (JWST) yakatangwa musi wa25 Zvita 2021. Mushure mezvo, tt yakaiswa munzira inotenderera pedyo neSun-Earth L2 Lagrange point makiromita miriyoni nechidimbu kubva panyika. Yakatanga kushanda zvizere muna Chikunguru 1.5. Ichishandisa zviridzwa zvesainzi zvakakosha zviri mubhodhi zvakaita seNIRCam (Near Infrared Camera), NIRSpec (Near Infrared Spectrograph), MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument), JWST inotsvaga masaini ekuona/infrared kubva kunyeredzi dzekutanga nemapoka enyeredzi. akaumbwa muChadenga kuitira kunzwisisa kuri nani kuumbwa nekushanduka-shanduka kwemapoka enyeredzi nekuumbwa kwenyeredzi nemapuraneti. Mumakore maviri apfuura, yakaburitsa zvinofadza mukuongorora mambakwedza emuchadenga (kureva, nguva yemazana emamiriyoni emakore ekutanga mushure mekuputika kukuru kwakazvarwa mapoka enyeredzi ekutanga).  

JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) chirongwa 

Chirongwa ichi chine chinangwa chekudzidza shanduko yenyeredzi kubva pakakwirira kutsvuka kuenda ku cosmic masikati nenzira ye infrared imaging uye spectroscopy mu GOODS-S uye GOODS-N yakadzika minda.  

Mugore rekutanga, vaongorori veJADES vakawana mazana emapoka enyeredzi kubva pamamiriyoni mazana matanhatu nemakumi mashanu emakore ekutanga mushure mekuputika kukuru. Mukutanga kwa650, vakawana galaxy mudataset yavo yairatidza kuve padzvuku chinja chegumi neina zvichiratidza kuti rinofanira kunge riri kure kure asi raipenya zvakanyanya. Zvakare, yaiita sechikamu cherimwe gwara renzou nekuda kwekuve pedyo. Nokudaro, vakaona kuti kubudirira kwakaitika muna Gumiguru 2023. Mashoko matsva aitsigira kuti iri pakuchinja kutsvuku kwe14. Mutsara wegwara renyeredzi uyu waidiwa pakuziva nzvimbo yeLyman-alpha break mu spectrum kuyera kuchinja kutsvuku uye kuona zera. 

Lyman-alpha i spectral emission line ye hydrogen mu Lyman series apo maerekitironi anochinja kubva n = 2 kuenda ku n = 1. Iyo poindi yeLyman-alpha break mu spectrum inoenderana neinocherechedzwa wavelength (λakacherechedza) Iyo red shift (z) inogona kuverengerwa senge formula z = (λakacherechedza – λzororo) / λzororo 

JADES-GS-z14-0 galaxy    

Saizvozvo, girazi rakaonekwa zvakare muna Ndira 2024 uchishandisa NIRCam (Near Infrared Camera) uye NIRSpec (Near Infrared Spectrograph). Spectral analysis yakapa humbowo hwakajeka hwekuti gwara renzou rakange riri pa redshift ye 14.32, zvichiita kuti rive galaxy iri kure zvikuru inozivikanwa (yapfuura most-distant galaxy record (JADES-GS-z13-0 at the redshift of z = 13.2) Yakanzi JADES -GS-z14-0, gomba renyeredzi riri kure kure ne13.5 bhiriyoni chiedza chemakore muhukuru izvo zvairatidza kuti nyeredzi diki ndidzo dzinopenya Zvikuru kwazvo hazvitarisirwi kuti nyeredzi iripo pasi pemakore 1,600 miriyoni mushure meBig Bang.  

Paiva nezvimwe zvaishamisa.  

Vatsvakurudzi vakakwanisa kuona JADES-GS-z14-0 kune yakareba wavelengths vachishandisa MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument). Izvi zvaireva kutora zvinoonekwa-mwenje zvinobuda kubva mugwara renyeredzi izvo zvakachinjirwa zvitsvuku kuti zvibude kunze kwenzvimbo yepedyo-infrared zviridzwa. Ongororo yakaratidza kuvepo kweionized oxygen inoreva high stellar metallicity. Izvi zvinogoneka chete kana zvizvarwa zvakawanda zvenyeredzi zvakatorarama mararamiro azvo.  

Nyeredzi dzokutanga muchadenga dzine zero-simbi kana kuti yakaderera zvikuru-simbi. Vanodaidzwa kuti Pop III nyeredzi kana Population III nyeredzi. Nyeredzi dzesimbi dzakadzika iPop II nyeredzi. Nyeredzi diki dzine simbi dzepamusoro uye dzinonzi "Pop I stars" kana kuti solar metal stars. Iine simbi yakakwira 1.4%, zuva inyeredzi ichangoburwa. Mukuongorora nyeredzi, chero chinhu chinorema kupfuura helium chinoonekwa sesimbi. Makemikari asiri-simbi akaita seokisijeni, nitrogen nezvimwe simbi mune zve cosmological. Nyeredzi dzinowana simbi yakafumiswa muchizvarwa chega chega ichitevera chiitiko che supernova. Kuwedzera simbi yemukati munyeredzi kunoratidza zera rechidiki.   

Tichitarisa zera renyeredzi JADES-GS-z14-0 isingasviki mamiriyoni mazana matatu emakore mushure meBig Bang, nyeredzi dziri mugwara renzou dzinofanira kunge dziri nyeredzi dzePop III dzine zero-metal content. Nekudaro, MIRI yeJWST yakawana kuvepo kweokisijeni.  

Tichifunga nezvekutarisa uye zvakawanikwa pamusoro, zvimiro zvekutanga kwechadenga galaxy JADES-GS-z14-0 hazvienderane nekunzwisisa kwazvino kwekuumbwa kwegalaxy. Ko boka renyeredzi rine zvinhu zvakadaro raigona sei kunzi raiva nderemakore mamiriyoni 290 pashure peBing Bang? Zvinokwanisika kuti mapoka enyeredzi akawanda akadaro angawanikwa mune ramangwana. Zvichida zvakasiyana-siyana zvemapoka enyeredzi zvaivepo paCosmic Dawn. 

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References:  

  1. Carniani, S., and said. 2024. Kusimbiswa kweSpectroscopic kwemagalaxi maviri anopenya pane redshift ye14. Nature (2024). Rakabudiswa 24 Chikunguru 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07860-9 . Preprint pa axRiv. Yakatumirwa 28 Chivabvu 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.18485  
  1. Helton JM, and said 2024. JWST/MIRI photometric inowanikwa pa 7.7 μm ye stellar continuum uye nebular emission mu galaxy pa z>14. Preprint pa axRiv. Yakatumirwa 28 Chivabvu 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.18462 
  1. Iyo NASA James Webb Space Telescope. Makwikwi ekutanga - NASA's James Webb Space Telescope Inowana Yakanyanya Kure Kuzivikanwa Galaxy. Yakatumirwa 30 May 2024. Inowanikwa pa https://webbtelescope.org/contents/early-highlights/nasas-james-webb-space-telescope-finds-most-distant-known-galaxy 

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Umesh Prasad
Umesh Prasad
Mutori wenhau weSainzi | Muvambi mupepeti, magazini yeScientific European

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