Mumakore 500 miriyoni apfuura, pakave nezvikamu zvishanu zve kutsakatika kukuru zvezvipenyu-zvimiro paNyika apo zvinopfuura zvikamu zvitatu zvezvina zvemarudzi aripo zvakabviswa. Hupenyu hwekupedzisira hwakakura hwakakura kudaro hwakaitika nekuda kwekukanganisa kweasteroid makore 65 miriyoni apfuura muCretaceous period. Mamiriro ezvinhu akaguma akakonzera kubviswa kwemadinosaurs kubva pachiso che pasi.
Near-Earth zvinhu (NEOs) zvakaita seasteroids uye comets, kureva, zvinhu zvinopfuura pedyo nePasi. Orbit zvinogona kuva nengozi. Planetary defense ndeye kuona uye kuderedza kutyisidzira kwekukanganisa kubva kune NEOs. Kubvisa asteroid kure nePasi ndiyo imwe nzira yekuita izvi.
Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) ndiyo yaive yekutanga basa rakazvipira kushandura kufamba kweasteroid mukati. nzvimbo kuburikidza ne kinetic impact. Kwaive kuratidzwa kwekinetic impactor tekinoroji, ichikanganisa asteroid kugadzirisa kumhanya kwayo uye nzira.
Chinangwa cheDART chaive chebinary asteroid system inosanganisira hombe asteroid Didymos uye diki asteroid, Dimorphos iyo. orbits asteroid yakakura. Yaive yakakodzera mumiriri wekutanga kudzivirira kwepasi kuyedza, kunyangwe isiri munzira yekudhumhana nePasi uye haina kutyisidzira chaiko.
Chitundumuseremusere cheDART chakabata asteroid Dimorphos musi wa26 Gunyana 2022. Chakaratidza kuti kinetic impactor yaigona kutsausa asteroid ine njodzi pakudhumhana nePasi.
Chidzidzo chakaburitswa munaKurume 19, 2024 chinoshuma kuti maitiro akachinja ese ari maviri Orbit uye chimiro cheDimorphos. Iyo orbit haisisiri denderedzwa, uye nguva ye orbital maminitsi makumi matatu nematatu uye masekonzi gumi nemashanu ipfupi. Chimiro chashanduka kubva pakuenzana "oblate spheroid" kuenda ku"triaxial ellipsoid" sevharevhesi rakatenderera.
Chikwata chekutsvagisa chakashandisa matatu data masosi mumakomputa avo kuti vaone mhedzisiro yekukanganisa pane asteroid.
- Mifananidzo yakatorwa neDART spacecraft: Mifananidzo yakatorwa nespacecraft sezvayaiswedera kune asteroid ndokuvadzosera kuPasi kuburikidza. NASA's Deep Space Network (DSN). Iyi mifananidzo yakapa yepedyo-yepamusoro kuyerwa kwepakati pakati peDidymos neDimorphos uku ichiyerawo zviyero zveese ari maviri asteroid nguva isati yasvika.
- Radar zvakacherechedzwa: DSN's Goldstone Solar System Radar yakabhowa redhiyo masaisai kubva kune ese asteroids kuti anyatso kuyera chinzvimbo uye velocity yeDimorphos inoenderana neDidymos mushure mekuita.
- Nzvimbo yechitatu yeruzivo yakapihwa neteresikopu yepasi pasirese iyo yakayera ese ari maviri "light curve" yeasteroids, kana kuti chiedza chezuva chairatidza kubva pamaasteroid's chakachinja sei nekufamba kwenguva. Nekuenzanisa ma curves emwenje pamberi uye mushure mekuita, vaongorori vaigona kudzidza kuti DART yakashandura sei Dimorphos 'kufamba.
Sezvo Dimorphos inotenderera, inogara ichipfuura pamberi uye shure kweDidymos. Mune izvi zvinodaidzwa kuti "mutual events," imwe asteroid inogona kukanda mumvuri kune imwe, kana kudzivirira maonero edu kubva kuPasi. Chero zvazvingaitika, kudzima kwechinguvana - kunyura muchiedza curve - kucharekodhwa neteresikopu.
Chikwata chekutsvagisa chakashandisa nguva yeiyi chaiyo nhevedzano yechiedza-curve dips kuratidza chimiro cheiyo orbit uye kuona chimiro cheasteroid. Chikwata chakawana Dimorphos 'orbit ikozvino yarebesa zvishoma, kana eccentric.
Vatsvakurudzi vakaverengawo kuti Dimorphos 'orbital period yakashanduka sei. Pakarepo mushure mekukanganisa, DART yakadzikisa avhareji yedaro pakati peasteroids maviri, kupfupisa Dimorphos 'orbital nguva ne32 maminetsi uye 42 masekonzi, kusvika 11 maawa, 22 maminitsi, uye 37 masekondi. Mumavhiki akatevera, nguva yeasteroid ye orbital yakaramba ichipfupika sezvo Dimorphos yakarasikirwa nematombo akawanda nzvimbo, pakupedzisira kugadzirisa paawa gumi nerimwe, maminitsi makumi maviri nemaviri, uye 11 masekondi pa orbit - 22 maminetsi uye 3 masekonzi nguva shoma pane yakambokanganisa.
Dimorphos parizvino ine chinhambwe chekutenderera kubva kuDidymos chinosvika 3,780 tsoka (1,152 metres) - ingangoita 120 tsoka (37 metres) padyo pane yakambobata.
Iyo iri kuuya yeHera mission (ichavhurwa muna 2024) yeESA ichaenda kune binary asteroid system kuita ongororo yakadzama uye kusimbisa kuti DART yakagadzirisa sei Dimorphos.
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References:
- NASA. Nhau - NASA Chidzidzo: Asteroid's Orbit, Shape Yakachinja Mushure meDART Impact. Yakatumirwa 19 Kurume 2024. Inowanikwa pa https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasa-study-asteroids-orbit-shape-changed-after-dart-impact
- Naidu SP, and said 2024. Orbital uye Physical Characterization yeAsteroid Dimorphos Inotevera DART Impact. The Planetary Science Journal, Vhoriyamu 5, Nhamba 3. Yakabudiswa 19 Kurume 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ad26e7
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