Vatsvakurudzi, kekutanga, vakatsvaga kushanduka kwemhepo yezuva kubva payakatanga paZuva kusvika pakukanganisa kwayo padyo neEarth space nharaunda uye vakaratidzawo kuti chiitiko chemamiriro ekunze chinogona kufanotaurwa sei mazuva maviri kusvika ku2 mberi. Chidzidzo ichi ingano mukubatanidza kupararira kwemhepo yezuva uye kukanganisa kwayo padyo nePasi nharaunda kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenzvimbo munzvimbo. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti masatelliti akaiswa panzvimbo chaiyo muchadenga anogona kushandiswa kutarisa kupararira kwemhepo yezuva kuenda kupasi izvo zvinogona kunatsiridza kufembera kwemamiriro ekunze emuchadenga. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo yakarongwa "Vigil mission" yeEuropean Space Agency (ESA) ine chinangwa chekutarisa mhepo yezuva kuti ipe nyevero dzemadutu ezuva ari kuuya kubva kuFifth Lagrange point (L2.5) pachinhambwe chepedyo chemamiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu kubva kuZuva. . Parizvino mudanho rekusimudzira, ichapa iri pedyo chaiyo-nguva data rwizi rwenzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze masevhisi zvichitevera kutangwa kwayo muna 5.
Kufanotaura kwemamiriro ekunze (kureva kuti, mhepo ichange ichiita sei kumhanya kwemhepo, kunaya kwemvura, tembiricha, kupenya kwezuva zvichingodaro) panzvimbo yakakosha kwatiri nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda zvine chekuita nehupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva zvinosanganisira zvekurima, zvekufambisa, kuzorora uye varaidzo nezvimwe. Kufanotaura kwemamiriro ekunze nemazvo. inobatsira hupfumi uye inoita kuti hupenyu hwedu huve nyore uye hugadzikane asi zvakanyanya kukosha, zvinotipa nguva yekuunganidza zviwanikwa kuti titore matanho anodiwa ekudzivirira kudzivirira kubva mukukuvadzwa kwehupenyu uye pfuma kubva kune yakashata mamiriro ekunze semafashama, madutu, masaisai ekupisa, kunaya kwemvura.
Mamiriro ekunze ari pasi pano anotifurira, ndizvo zvinoitawo “mamiriro ekunze ari muchadenga”. Nemhaka yokuti nyika yedu yokumusha iPasi ichikamu chegadziriro yenyeredzi yeavhareji yenyeredzi inonzi Zuva (iyowo, chikamu chiduku chegwara renzou risingakoshi zvikuru muChadenga chinonzi Milky Way ), upenyu hwedu nebudiriro paPasi zvinopesvedzerwa nemamiriro ezvinhu. Muchadenga kunyanya mamiriro ekunze ari kuitika munharaunda yedu mugadziriro yezuva. Chero shanduko yakashata yemamiriro ekunze muchadenga inokonzeresa kuhupenyu hwehupenyu hwehupenyu uye magetsi nemagetsi akavakirwa tekinoroji zvivakwa paPasi uye muchadenga. Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi nemakombiyuta, magidhi emagetsi, mapaipi eoiri negasi, nharembozha, kufambiswa kwemashoko neredhiyo kusanganisira network dzenharembozha, GPS, mamishini emuchadenga nezvirongwa, kufambiswa kwemashoko nesatellite, Indaneti nezvimwe. muchadenga mamiriro okunze. Vazivi vemuchadenga uye zvivakwa zvemuchadenga zvakaita sezvitundumuseremusere zviri panjodzi zvakanyanya. Paive nezviitiko zvakati wandei zveizvi munguva yakapfuura semuenzaniso, Kurume 1989 'Quebec Blackout' muCanada yakakonzeresa nekuda kwekupenya kwezuva kwakakuvadza zvakaipisisa grid yemagetsi. Mamwe masathelaiti zvakare akange akuvadzwa. Naizvozvo, kukosha kwehurongwa hwekufembera mamiriro ekunze emuchadenga, sezvatine masisitimu ekufanotaura mamiriro ekunze paPasi.
Kune vanotanga, mutambi mukuru muchiitiko chemamiriro ekunze paPasi imhepo ye "mhepo" inosanganisira mamorekuru egasi mumhepo yePasi. Kana iri mamiriro ekunze ari muchadenga, i“mhepo yezuva” inosanganisira hova dzemasimba makuru eionized particles semaelectrons, alpha particles nezvimwe (kureva. plasma) inobva mukupisa kwakanyanya kwecoronal layer yemhepo yeZuva kumativi ose muheliosphere pasi.
Kufembera kwemamiriro ekunze emuchadenga, naizvozvo, kunosanganisira kufanotaura mamiriro emhepo yezuva zvichibva pakunzwisisa kwazvino maumbirwo ayo, kusimba uye kufamba kwechadenga. Isu tinoziva, kamwe-kamwe ejection yemazhinji kubva kune coronal layer yeZuva (kureva. Coronal Mass Ejections kana CMEs) inosanganiswa neyakaoma solar mhepo mamiriro kana dutu rezuva. Saka, kutarisa kweCME's kana photospheric magnetic fields kunogona kupa pfungwa pamusoro pekudzivisa dutu remhepo yezuva asi hurongwa hwenguva dzose hwekufungidzira nzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze zvingada kubatanidza muenzaniso nekucherechedza kwemhepo yezuva kuti uwane fungidziro yechokwadi (kureva. data assimilation). Izvi, zvakare, zvaizoda kugara uchitevera kushanduka kwemhepo yezuva kubva payakatanga paZuva kusvika pakukanganisa kwayo padyo nePasi penzvimbo.
Sezvakashumwa musi wa 09 Gunyana 2024, vaongorori veVSSC, ISRO, kekutanga, vakaronda kushanduka kwemhepo yezuva kubva pakuvambwa kwayo paZuva kusvika pakukanganisa kwayo nzvimbo iri pedyo-Yepasi. Vachishandisa data kubva kuTTC (Telemetry, Tracking uye Command) masaini eredhiyo kubva kuISRO's Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) kubva muna 2015 uye InSWIM (Indian network yeSpace Weather Impact Monitoring) network, vakaronga mabviro, kukurumidza, uye kupararira kwekumhanya-mhanya. solar wind streams (HSS) uye akacherechedza maitiro adzo pane yakaderera-latitude Earth ionosphere. varatidza kuti chiitiko chemamiriro ekunze chinogona kufanotaurwa sei mazuva maviri kusvika 2 pachine nguva. Chidzidzo ichi ingano mukubatanidza kupararira kwemhepo yezuva uye kukanganisa kwayo padyo nePasi nharaunda kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenzvimbo munzvimbo. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti masatelliti akaiswa panzvimbo chaiyo muchadenga anogona kushandiswa mukutarisa kupararira kwemhepo yezuva kuenda kupasi izvo zvinogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kufanotaura kwemamiriro ekunze.
Iyo yakarongwa "Vigil mission" yeEuropean Space Agency (ESA) ine chinangwa chekutarisa mhepo yezuva kuti ipe nyevero dzemadutu ezuva ari kuuya kubva kuFifth Lagrange point (L5) pachinhambwe chepedyo che 150 miriyoni km kubva kuZuva. Parizvino mudanho rekusimudzira, ichapa iri pedyo chaiyo-nguva data rwizi rwenzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze masevhisi zvichitevera kutangwa kwayo muna 2031.
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References:
- Jain RN, and said 2024. Impact of the High-Speed Solar Wind stream pamusoro peyakadzika latitude Ionospheric system - Chidzidzo chinobatanidza Indian MOM uye InSWIM zvakaonekwa. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, stae2091. Rakabudiswa: 09 Gunyana 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2091
- Turner H., 2024. Forecast kunatsurudza kubva solar mhepo data assimilation. PhD Thesis. Yunivhesiti yeKuverenga. 21 Chivabvu 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48683/1926.00116526 Inowanikwa pa https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/116526/1/Turner_thesis.pdf
- ESA. Kuchengeteka kwenzvimbo - Vigil mission. Inowanikwa pa https://www.esa.int/Space_Safety/Vigil
- Eastwood JP, 2024. The Vigil Magnetometer for Operational Space Weather Services Kubva kuSun-Earth L5 Point. Space weather. Kekutanga kuburitswa: 05 Chikumi 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2024SW003867
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