UK's fusion simba rekugadzira nzira yakatora chimiro nekuziviswa kwe STEP (Spherical Tokamak yeEnergy Production) chirongwa muna 2019. Chikamu chayo chekutanga (2019-2024) chasvika kumagumo nekuburitswa kweiyo pfungwa dhizaini yeiyo yakasanganiswa fusion prototype powerplant. Ichabva pakushandiswa kwemagineti kuvharira plasma uchishandisa tokamak muchina zvisinei STEP yeUK ichashandisa tokamak yakatenderera pachinzvimbo chetokamak yechinyakare yakaita donut iri kushandiswa paITER. A spherical tokamak inofungidzirwa kuti ine zvakawanda zvakanaka. Iyo simiti ichavakwa muNottinghamshire uye inotarisirwa kunge ichishanda mukutanga kwe2040s.
Kudiwa kwenzvimbo inovimbika yesimba rakachena kuti isangane nekuwanda kwesimba rinodiwa rehuwandu hwevanhu uye hupfumi hwenyika hunogona kukurumidza kubatsira kusangana nematambudziko (anokonzerwa nemafuta anopera efossil, kubuda kwekabhoni uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza dzine chekuita nenyukireya fission reactor, uye urombo. scalability yezve anovandudzwa masosi) haasati ambonzwa zvakanyanya kudaro kupfuura panguva ino.
Muchisikirwo, kusanganiswa kwenyukireya kunopa simba nyeredzi kusanganisira zuva redu iro rinoitika pakati penyeredzi umo mamiriro ekubatana (kureva. tembiricha yakanyanya mumhando yemazana emamiriyoni madhigirii centigrade uye pressure) inotonga. Kugona kugadzira inodzorwa fusion mamiriro pasi pano kiyi kune isina muganho wakachena simba. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuvaka nharaunda yefusion ine tembiricha yakanyanya kumutsa kudhumhana kwesimba guru, ine plasma yakakwana density yekuwedzera mukana wekudhumhana uye inogona kuvharira plasma kwenguva yakakwana yekugonesa fusion. Zviripachena, zvivakwa uye tekinoroji yekuvharira nekudzora yakanyanya kupisa plasma ndicho chinhu chakakosha chekutengesa kushandiswa kwesimba refusion. Nzira dzakasiyana dziri kuongororwa uye kushandiswa pasirese kuvharirwa kweplasma yakanangana nekutengeserana kwesimba refusion.
Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF)
Mune inertial fusion nzira, fusion mamiriro anogadzirwa nekukasira kumanikidza uye kupisa huwandu hudiki hwemafuta efusion. Iyo National Ignition Facility (NIF) paLawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) inoshandisa laser-inotyairwa implosion nzira yekuisa macapsules akazadzwa nedeuterium-tritium peturu vachishandisa high-energy laser matanda. NIF yakawana fusion ignition kutanga muna Zvita 2022. Mushure meizvozvo, kupisa kwefusion kwakaratidzwa katatu muna 2023 izvo zvakasimbisa humbowo-hwe-pfungwa yekuti inodzorwa nuclear fusion inogona kushandiswa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvesimba.
Magnetic kuvharirwa kweplasma nzira
Kushandiswa kwemagineti kuvhara uye kudzora plasma yefusion kuri kuedzwa munzvimbo dzakawanda. IITER, mubatanidzwa wesimba guru rekubatana kwemarudzi makumi matatu neshanu ari muSt. Paul-lez-Durance kumaodzanyemba kweFrance anoshandisa ring torus (kana kuti donut magnetic device) inonzi tokamak iyo yakagadzirirwa kuvharira mafuta emusanganiswa kwenguva yakareba patembiricha yakakwira yakakwana. fusion ignition kuti iitike. Iyo inotungamira plasma yekuvharirwa pfungwa yefusion magetsi zvidyarwa, tokamaks inogona kuchengetedza fusion reaction ichienda sekunge paine kugadzikana kweplasma. Tokamak yeITER ichave yakakura pasi rose.
UK's STEP (Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production) Fusion Chirongwa:
Kufanana neITER, iyo STEP fusion chirongwa cheUnited Kingdom chakavakirwa pane magineti kuvharirwa kweplasma uchishandisa tokamak. Nekudaro, iyo tokamak yeSTEP chirongwa ichaita denderedzwa (panzvimbo peiyo ITER's donut yakaumbwa). A spherical tokamak i compact, inodhura uye inogona kuve nyore kuyera.
Chirongwa che STEP chakaziviswa muna 2019. Chikamu chayo chekutanga (2019-2024) chasvika kumagumo nekuburitswa kweiyo pfungwa dhizaini yeiyo integrated fusion prototype powerplant.
Nyaya ine themed yePhilosophical Transactions A yeRoyal Society, yakanzi "Kuendesa Fusion Energy - Iyo Spherical Tokamak yeMagetsi Kugadzirwa (STEP)” anosanganisira 15 mapepa akaongororwa nevezera rakabudiswa musi wa26 Nyamavhuvhu 2024 ayo anotsanangura kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hwechirongwa chekugadzira nekuvaka yekutanga prototype plant yeUK kugadzira magetsi kubva mufusion. Mapepa anotora mufananidzo wakazara wedhizaini uye matekinoroji anodiwa uye kubatanidzwa kwavo muprototype chirimwa kutanga kwa2040s.
Chirongwa cheSTEP chine chinangwa chekugadzira nzira yekutengeserana kweiyo fusion nekuratidza simba remambure, kuzvikwanira kwemafuta uye nzira inoshanda yekugadziridza chirimwa. Zvinotora nzira yakazara yekuunza inoshanda zvizere prototype chirimwa icho chinotarisawo kubviswa sechikamu chedhizaini.
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References:
- Hurumende yeUK. Press kuburitswa - UK inotungamira pasirese mufusion powerplant dhizaini. Rakabudiswa 03 September 2024. Inowanikwa pa https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-leading-the-world-in-fusion-powerplant-design
- 'Kuendesa Fusion Energy - Iyo Spherical Tokamak yeMagetsi Kugadzirwa (STEP). Iyo themed Royal Society edition yePhilosophical Transactions A,. Zvese gumi neshanu zvakaongororwa nevezera mune theme chinyorwa chakaburitswa 15 Nyamavhuvhu 26. Inowanikwa pa https://royalsocietypublishing.org/toc/rsta/2024/382/2280
- Vatsvagiri veUK vanoratidza kupfupisa kwezvigadziriso zvenovel fusion magetsi chirimwa. Sayenzi. 4 Gunyana 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.zvexp8a
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